Mikhail Gorbachev and the Collapse of Communism

Mikhail Gorbachev was the youngest leader of the Soviet Union since Joseph Stalin. He had new ideas and reformations that Stalin didn't approve of. Mikhail's new policy glasnost was similar to America's freedom of speech, in the old government there was no freedom of speech but with this new policy he was able to give the people more freedom so they would support him more and stand by his side. Then Gorbachev passed another policy which was called perestroika which gave people the right to own private own businesses, with all these economical reforms and policy the Soviet Union was becoming more like its modern Russia

The Collapse of Communism

During the cold war and much of the 60s the USSR and the US were the worlds superpowers. The reason why communism fell is because during the arms race they wasted most of their money trying to create nuclear weapons and their economy fell. The communist countries that supported the USSR also collapsed because they got most of their money from soviet Russia so that's why they collapsed with them and then 15 countries were created out of the USSR.

Nelson Mandela and Apartheid

In South Africa the people and government was under a policy called apartheid. Apartheid means to divide people based on race so it was basically segregation in Africa. Many oppose this policy because the non whites didn't have the same rights as the whites and they weren't able to vote in parliamentary elections. Growing up in Africa during the apartheid times were hard but one man wanted freedom this man was Nelson Mandela. Nelson Mandela started off his political career by being apart of the African National Congress. Nelson Mandela was sentenced to life in prison but was freed in 1990 after spending 27 years in jail. Nelson Mandela was such a hero towards the people because he helped with the liberation of Africa and he helped end the Apartheid policy.

African Independence

The reason why Africa gained their independence is because the British were too busy handling their own businesses with all the wars they fought they had too much to worry about so they let the Africans have their independence. After World War two the British had to worry about fighting the Germans and rebuilding. Also the African leaders had made their people very well educated. This the reasons why Africans were able to gain their independence.